ABSTRACT
The design of a Covid-19 testing kit is proposed in this research using a photonic crystal structure (PhC) and a violet laser beam. The basic principle of this structure relies on the phenomenon of absorbance reflectance and transmission at the signal of a 412 nm laser beam. Finally, the transmitted light energy through the PhC structure is the conclusive factor to detect the types of virus which is the function of the reflectance and absorbance. The reflected light energy is computed by plane wave expansion (PWE) whereas the absorbance of light energy is obtained through numerical computation. The notable advantages of this technique are that the virus related to Covid-19 can be recognized by observing the colour of transmitted energy through a photo energy meter. Finally, the outcomes of the research affirm that the sample could be Covid-19 if the output energy would be infrared (IR). Similarly, the sample could be a normal coronavirus, if the output energy would lie within the visible regime.
ABSTRACT
This study investigated upper-room germicidal ultraviolet (UR-GUV) light application in a music rehearsal room with a high ceiling (7.5 m). The focus was on the influences of the elevation and height of UV zone on disinfection of airborne viruses. This study assumed a uniform UV fluence rate of 0.2 W/m2 in the UV irradiation zone. According to the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) results, average viral concentrations (Ca), fraction remaining (FR), and equivalent air exchange rate (λe) attributed to GUV, have power relationships with UV zone height. Ca and FR decreased with UV zone height, while λe did the opposite. UV zone elevation showed little influence on UR-GUV performance, indicating well-mixed air in the rehearsal room. High ceiling makes it possible to achieve adequate UV dose by increasing both UV zone height and UV light intensity. Using open fixtures improved energy efficiency and reduced operational costs of the UR-GUV system. © 2022 17th International Conference on Indoor Air Quality and Climate, INDOOR AIR 2022. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
The current work employs a Si-based one-dimensional (1-D) photonic struc-ture which delivers 20 different types of monochromatic laser beam via the filtering action. The I/P signals are essentially varying from visible to near infrared (NIR) range to justify the work. Though similar types of work related to filtering application are found in the literature, the present research deals with an output laser beam which could be deployed in different pur-poses vis-a-vis dentistry, dermatology, spectroscopy, printing, holography, barcode scanning, etc. The mechanism of this work incorporates 68 layers of SiO and Si-based 1-D optical waveguide along with their configuration where the plane wave expansion (PWE) method does fulfil the basics of the required mathematics to solve out electromagnetic wave equations. Reflec-tance and transmittance characteristics along with the absorbance are the critical parameters that substantiate the said application.
ABSTRACT
Autoimmune diseases are a group of different inflammatory disorders characterized by systemic or localized inflammation, affecting approximately 0.1–1% of the general population. Several studies suggest that genetic risk loci are shared between different autoimmune diseases and pathogenic mechanisms may also be shared. The strategy of performing differential gene expression profiles in autoimmune disorders has unveiled new transcripts that may be shared among these disorders. Microarray technology and bioinformatics offer the most comprehensive molecular evaluations and it is widely used to understand the changes in gene expression in specific organs or in peripheral blood cells. The major goal of transcriptome studies is the identification of specific biomarkers for different diseases. It is believed that such knowledge will contribute to the development of new drugs, new strategies for early diagnosis, avoiding tissue autoimmune destruction, or even preventing the development of autoimmune disease. In this review, we primarily focused on the transcription profiles of three typical autoimmune disorders, including type 1 diabetes mellitus (destruction of pancreatic islet beta cells), systemic lupus erythematosus (immune complex systemic disorder affecting several organs and tissues), and multiple sclerosis (inflammatory and demyelinating disease of the nervous system). © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2014, 2022.
ABSTRACT
Despite the gradual return to pre-pandemic conditions, the spreading of COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) left several open issues. Nowadays it is know that airborne infections, including COVID-19, are conveyed by particles having the size of >5 mum (droplets) and <5 mum (droplets nuclei), ejected by coughing and sneezing [1]. While droplets undergo to dehydration and precipitation, droplet nuclei persist in air for long time after their ejection, contributing to infection spreading. Actual prevention strategies are based on non-pharmaceutical interventions act to reduce droplets diffusion and spacing from Personal Protective Equipment, such as facial masks, and social distancing measure. Nevertheless, for the new endemic phase of COVID-19 the development of new strategies for airborne infections' containment becomes unavoidable. In this project, we propose a new device for the suppression of Airborne Viral Aerosols designed to work in situations with constrained geometries (e.g. public transportation, offices, waiting rooms etc.) not allowing social distancing. The device, devised to perform photokilling of viral aerosols in air in presence of humans, has its core in an UV illumination system operating at 222 nm. It is know from literature that UV radiation alters the genetic material of viruses and bacteria whose maximum absorption wavelengths are in the far-UV range (UVC, 100-280 nm), the most effective for sterilization [2]. Differently from the operative wavelength of most commercial systems (254 nm), the higher tissue absorption prevents the 222 nm radiation to travel over the very first epidermal layers [3] constituting a minor health risk for applications in presence of people. The device combines the UV illumination system with a vertical flux of air that conveys exhaled particles to the light source and controls humidity and temperature, crucial parameters for virus diffusion. After its development, the device prototype will be tested in model experiments. Initially, its safety will be verified by monitoring in particular the UVC-induced ozone production. Then, in vitro photokilling experiments will be performed in two steps: (i) on a layer of immobilized SARS-Cov-2 virus act to obtain optimal UV doses for an effective sterilization;(ii) on SARS-Cov-2 aerosol models. For this last experiment, a model viral aerosol miming the characteristics of cough and sneeze particles will be preliminary studied and supported by synthetic data to characterize the optical properties of the reference scenario. The resulting information will be crucial for the final design of the device itself. As a last step, we will test the device in in vivo experiments. An air flux, harvesting exhaled air by infected mice, will be illuminated by the device and will be sent to healthy mice. Finally, the infectiveness of exhaled air after the UV treatment will be evaluated, providing more information for further applications in the presence of humans.Copyright © 2023
ABSTRACT
Resistant bacteria may kill more people than COVID-19, so the development of new antibacterials is essential, especially against microbial biofilms that are reservoirs of resistant cells. Silver nanoparticles (bioAgNP), biogenically synthesized using Fusarium oxysporum, combined with oregano derivatives, present a strategic antibacterial mechanism and prevent the emergence of resistance against planktonic microorganisms. Antibiofilm activity of four binary combinations was tested against enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) and Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase-producing K. pneumoniae (KPC): oregano essential oil (OEO) plus bioAgNP, carvacrol (Car) plus bioAgNP, thymol (Thy) plus bioAgNP, and Car plus Thy. The antibiofilm effect was accessed using crystal violet, MTT, scanning electron microscopy, and Chromobacterium violaceum anti-quorum-sensing assays. All binary combinations acted against preformed biofilm and prevented its formation; they showed improved antibiofilm activity compared to antimicrobials individually by reducing sessile minimal inhibitory concentration up to 87.5% or further decreasing biofilm metabolic activity and total biomass. Thy plus bioAgNP extensively inhibited the growth of biofilm in polystyrene and glass surfaces, disrupted three-dimensional biofilm structure, and quorum-sensing inhibition may be involved in its antibiofilm activity. For the first time, it is shown that bioAgNP combined with oregano has antibiofilm effect against bacteria for which antimicrobials are urgently needed, such as KPC.
ABSTRACT
In this project we are creating a prototype of disinfectant robot using application such as Ultra Violet-C Ray, Android Bluetooth and Arduino Nano. During this Covid-19 pandemic which has become a major threat to human life, application such as disinfectant robot is being very useful. This disinfectant robot can be use in multiple application and place such as hospital, hotel, movie theatre, shopping mall, office, other work area, etc. This application is majorly used on non-living material instead of liquid medium which has a chance of damaging electronic application. The robot helps in less human contact which help in less spread of infection. Efficiency of this disinfectant robot is 99.9% killing of Bacteria and Virus. © 2023 American Institute of Physics Inc.. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
The world is currently experiencing a crisis, caused by SARS-CoV-2 and a viral mutation. Given this, the mechatronic system is proposed that allows disinfecting contaminated surfaces. This device makes it possible to disinfect polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles by applying short-wave UVC rays from 200 to 280 nm, which generates a germicidal effect. The machine consists of a UVC chamber, transport, and a control system. For this, the methodology of the Association of German Engineers (VDI 2206) was used, taking into account the Inventor, TIA Portal, and Factory IO software, managing to develop the system whose light-emitting diodes inside the camera project type C ultraviolet light, camera protected by strips of plastic sheet (ABS) acrylonitrile butadiene styrene anti-ultraviolet light that blocks the projection wave up to 98% of the radiation;the recycled PET bottles are moved through a linear conveyor belt that supports a maximum weight of 200 kg, controlled by a control panel. Obtaining the results in this research focused on the design of the prototype, with a feasible structural system thanks to its maximum efficiency in the disinfection process. It is concluded that it is feasible to design a machine that projects ultraviolet rays to disinfect recycled PET bottles to eliminate viruses, parasites, fungi, and bacteria. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
ABSTRACT
Background and purpose: Violet is a plant that has received interest in complementary medicine due to its anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and antimicrobial effects. Fever is one of the major symptoms of COVID-19. This study was conducted to determine the effect of violet extract in the form of syrup on fever in patients with COVID-19. Material(s) and Method(s): In this randomized clinical trial, 52 patients with COVID-19 were studied in Intensive Care Unit in Amol Imam Khomeini Hospital (2021). In intervention group in addition to an injection of acetaminophen, 5 cc of violet extract syrup prepared from the aqueous extract of the plant was taken. The temperature was recorded after 30 and 60 minutes and four hours. The follow-up of the patients continued for three days and the temperature was recorded every six hours. Result(s): There was a significant difference between the intervention group (36.84+/-0.37) and control group (37.13+/-0.62) in mean temperature at second time in second day of follow-up (P=0.04). Also, the mean temperature was found to be significantly different between the two groups at 30 (P=0.001) and 60 minutes (P=0.05) after the intervention. At other groups, there was no significant difference between the intervention and control groups. Conclusion(s): The aqueous extract of violet plant in the form of syrup reduces fever in patients with COVID-19 causing no complication. Due to the ease of access to this herbal product, it can be used to prevent problems caused by fever.Copyright © 2023, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
There are several ways to sterilize them by using cleaning fluids or by using Ultra Violet (UV) light. However, the use of UV can have adverse effects if exposed to the human body. The current technology is UV sterile boxes for the benefit of UV boxes to be safe from contact with the human body. The box creates a closed space so that UV rays are not exposed to the human body. However, UV sterilizers on the market are not equipped with an automatic system that requires the user to have direct contact with the sterilizer, direct contact with the sterilizer will cause the outer side of the sterilizer to become a new medium for spreading viruses. Based on these problems, we are conducting research that aims to design an automatic door design for UV sterile boxes which are expected to minimize direct contact between the user and the sterile box so that it can stop the development of the coronavirus. Regulate the motion of the dc motor, which must rotate to move the conveyor. Arduino nano will regulate the motor driver, which functions as a switch to change the direction of motion of the dc motor. The rotating dc motor will be connected to the threaded iron to produce forward or backward movement on the conveyor. Arduino nano to it is required to be able to read the value of the proximity sensor as an indicator for stopping the conveyor. Arduino Nano is also needed to regulate the on or off of the ultraviolet lamp. At the same time, the difference in the duration of sending commands by Arduino Nano and receiving system output is 30ms. © 2022 IEEE.
ABSTRACT
Coronavirus (COVID-19) is an infectious illness due to serious respiratory trouble. It is impacted numerous humans and has asserted the living expectancy of a greater number of persons from all over the planet. The maturation period of this virus, on typically about 5-6 days but it might also be up to 2 weeks. Throughout this period, the individual may not feel any indications but could still be transmissible. A person could develop this disease if he/ she inhales the virus while a diseased person/ virus carrier within close vicinity sneezes or coughs otherwise tapping an infected place in addition to afterward again his/ her eyes, nose or mouth. To prevent this, the region of the COVID-19 patient must be decontaminated with virucidal disinfectants, such as and 0.05% sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) and ethanol-based products (at least 70%) an optional technique used is UV light sterilization. Ultraviolet (UV) sterilization technology is used to help reduce micro-organisms that can remain on surfaces after basic sprinkling to the minimum amount. The proposed work has established an UV robot or UV bot to perform decontamination in an operating room or in-patients room. Three 19.3-watt UV lights are positioned in a 360-degree circle on the UV bot platform. It used an integrated system based on a microprocessor and a metal frame to aid in navigation in a fixed path to avoid barriers. In addition, a sanitizer dispenser is also included to clean the viral organisms, which is spread through the water droplets of the patient. © 2022 IEEE.
ABSTRACT
Air disinfection using germicidal ultraviolet light (GUV) has received increasing attention during the COVID-19 pandemic. GUV uses UVC lamps to inactivate microorganisms, but it also initiates photochemistry in air. However, GUV's indoor-air-quality impact has not been investigated in detail. Here, we model the chemistry initiated by GUV at 254 ("GUV254”) or 222 nm ("GUV222”) in a typical indoor setting for different ventilation levels. Our analysis shows that GUV254, usually installed in the upper room, can significantly photolyze O3, generating OH radicals that oxidize indoor volatile organic compounds (VOCs) into more oxidized VOCs. Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) is also formed as a VOC-oxidation product. GUV254-induced SOA formation is of the order of 0.1-1 μg/m3 for the cases studied here. GUV222 (described by some as harmless to humans and thus applicable for the whole room) with the same effective virus-removal rate makes a smaller indoor-air-quality impact at mid-to-high ventilation rates. This is mainly because of the lower UV irradiance needed and also less efficient OH-generating O3 photolysis than GUV254. GUV222 has a higher impact than GUV254 under poor ventilation due to a small but significant photochemical production of O3 at 222 nm, which does not occur with GUV254. © 2022 American Chemical Society.
ABSTRACT
Background and purpose: Violet is a plant that has received interest in complementary medicine due to its anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and antimicrobial effects. Fever is one of the major symptoms of COVID-19. This study was conducted to determine the effect of violet extract in the form of syrup on fever in patients with COVID-19. Materials and methods: In this randomized clinical trial, 52 patients with COVID-19 were studied in Intensive Care Unit in Amol Imam Khomeini Hospital (2021). In intervention group in addition to an injection of acetaminophen, 5 cc of violet extract syrup prepared from the aqueous extract of the plant was taken. The temperature was recorded after 30 and 60 minutes and four hours. The follow-up of the patients continued for three days and the temperature was recorded every six hours. Results: There was a significant difference between the intervention group (36.84±0.37) and control group (37.13±0.62) in mean temperature at second time in second day of follow-up (P=0.04). Also, the mean temperature was found to be significantly different between the two groups at 30 (P=0.001) and 60 minutes (P=0.05) after the intervention. At other groups, there was no significant difference between the intervention and control groups. Conclusion: The aqueous extract of violet plant in the form of syrup reduces fever in patients with COVID-19 causing no complication. Due to the ease of access to this herbal product, it can be used to prevent problems caused by fever.
ABSTRACT
Background and purpose: Violet is a plant that has received interest in complementary medicine due to its anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and antimicrobial effects. Fever is one of the major symptoms of COVID-19. This study was conducted to determine the effect of violet extract in the form of syrup on fever in patients with COVID-19. Materials and methods: In this randomized clinical trial, 52 patients with COVID-19 were studied in Intensive Care Unit in Amol Imam Khomeini Hospital (2021). In intervention group in addition to an injection of acetaminophen, 5 cc of violet extract syrup prepared from the aqueous extract of the plant was taken. The temperature was recorded after 30 and 60 minutes and four hours. The follow-up of the patients continued for three days and the temperature was recorded every six hours. Results: There was a significant difference between the intervention group (36.84±0.37) and control group (37.13±0.62) in mean temperature at second time in second day of follow-up (P=0.04). Also, the mean temperature was found to be significantly different between the two groups at 30 (P=0.001) and 60 minutes (P=0.05) after the intervention. At other groups, there was no significant difference between the intervention and control groups. Conclusion: The aqueous extract of violet plant in the form of syrup reduces fever in patients with COVID-19 causing no complication. Due to the ease of access to this herbal product, it can be used to prevent problems caused by fever. © 2023, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
In the current circumstances, when lakhs of people are dying as a result of the COVID-19 Pandemic, imposing lockdown and shutdown disrupts the socioeconomic conditions of the entire globe to the point that the country's backbone is compromised. A highly modified, effective sterilizing and disinfection system is essential to improve the country or human civilization. To combat the many adverse effects of radiation, not only on human health but also on the environment, ultra violet technology has been introduced. UV technology is also a source of radiation that has health risks;however, changes in wavelength can make the risk low. UVM-30A sensor module is used in the sanitization to detect UV irradiation in this study effort. An IoT-based system based on Arduino uno microcontroller, GSM A6 WiFi module, and UVM-30A is presented to create an automated implanted UV radiation detection device. © 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
ABSTRACT
Background and purpose: Violet is a plant that has received interest in complementary medicine due to its anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and antimicrobial effects. Fever is one of the major symptoms of COVID-19. This study was conducted to determine the effect of violet extract in the form of syrup on fever in patients with COVID-19. Material(s) and Method(s): In this randomized clinical trial, 52 patients with COVID-19 were studied in Intensive Care Unit in Amol Imam Khomeini Hospital (2021). In intervention group in addition to an injection of acetaminophen, 5 cc of violet extract syrup prepared from the aqueous extract of the plant was taken. The temperature was recorded after 30 and 60 minutes and four hours. The follow-up of the patients continued for three days and the temperature was recorded every six hours. Result(s): There was a significant difference between the intervention group (36.84+/-0.37) and control group (37.13+/-0.62) in mean temperature at second time in second day of follow-up (P=0.04). Also, the mean temperature was found to be significantly different between the two groups at 30 (P=0.001) and 60 minutes (P=0.05) after the intervention. At other groups, there was no significant difference between the intervention and control groups. Conclusion(s): The aqueous extract of violet plant in the form of syrup reduces fever in patients with COVID-19 causing no complication. Due to the ease of access to this herbal product, it can be used to prevent problems caused by fever. Copyright © 2023, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
Covid 19, a deadly virus is spreading exponentially across the globe that leads to loss of precious life. Recent data suggests that more than 4.6 million people have been died due to this, so it is requiring an ample precaution to stop it. Development of good vaccine along with rapid testing could reduce the mortality rate. Though recently few good vaccines have developed but adequate numbers of doses are not available for every individual due to lack of mass production. Not only are the production issues but also their prob-lems lie in transportation and distribution to huge population. In this sce-nario testing will play a vital role so that affected people could get a dose in priority basis. To meet the nitty-gritty of such problem. A violet laser beam interacted with a photonic crystal (PhC) structure having dimension of 600 x 600 nm2 to identify the novel coronavirus (n-CoV) know as SARS CoV-2. The device finds 16 squares which hold the samples of the swab collected from a patient where the signal of 412 nm (728 THz) incident to it. The principle of mechanism deals with the analysis of scattering parameters (S11 and S12) of the signals which is obtained through the finite element method (FEM). The S11 and S12 parameters deal with the transmittance and reflec-tance of the signal pertaining to the chosen structure. Further, the investiga-tion of transmittance identifies the nature of the virus;for example, the present research claims that blue and violet colours are two possible implica-tions at the output when the structure containing sample excited with a violet laser beam. The output with blue colour indicating the presence of just ordi-nary coronaviruses. On the other hand, if we receive violet colour then it is novel corona viruses (n-CoV)
ABSTRACT
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) due to the novel coronavirus has become the highest priority that threatens human health. This situation demands widespread vaccination and the innovation of new therapeutic methods. Despite drug discoveries, the need for approving new medicaments is felt because of adverse effects and lack of efficacy. Several medicinal plants including Viola odorata L. are recommended in traditional Persian medicine for alleviating respiratory infection symptoms. Recent studies showed anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-asthmatic, antitussive, analgesic, and antibacterial activities of sweet violet. These enhance respiratory functions, reduce pulmonary inflammation, and decline mucous membrane edema. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of sweet violet syrup in alleviating the manifestations of COVID-19 infection. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A randomized parallel-group double-blind controlled trial was conducted at Al-Zahra general hospital, Isfahan, Iran. A total of 108 outpatients were enrolled in the study. The patients were randomly allocated to intervention and placebo groups, with 54 patients in each group. The allocation was concealed using sealed opaque envelopes. The intervention group received violet syrup and the control group received placebo syrup, an add-on to the conventional treatment. The outcomes were COVID-19 manifestations, such as dyspnea, cough, myalgia, headache, and diarrhea, considered as outcomes of the study and were evaluated twice using a visual analog scale before the intervention and after 7 days, at the end of the study. Patients were followed daily by phone calls to monitor proper drug consumption and possible side effects. RESULTS: No significant difference was between groups regarding demographic characteristics and vital signs before and after the treatment. Although all symptoms have improved significantly in both groups, patients who received violet syrup recovered faster and the mean severity scores of cough (P = 0.025), myalgia (P = 0.036), headache (P = 0.037), and diarrhea (P = 0.044) decreased greater in comparison to control group. CONCLUSION: This study, the first clinical trial on the effectiveness of Viola odorata on SARS-CoV-2 patients, showed that Viola odorata L. effectively controls prevalent manifestations of COVID-19 including cough, myalgia, headache, and diarrhea. Regarding this survey, the violet syrup can be mentioned as a complementary treatment for viral influenza-like infections in which cough, myalgia, headache, and diarrhea are prominent.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Viola , Humans , SARS-CoV-2 , Cough/drug therapy , Myalgia , Headache/drug therapy , Treatment Outcome , Double-Blind MethodABSTRACT
During the period of COVID-19, it is still inevitable for people to contact with each other based on the consideration of economic development. Therefore, the health management measures for staying in the hotel have become an important part of epidemic prevention. As we all know, ultraviolet (UV) light is an effective disinfection and sterilization method, which has been widely used in many applications. In this paper, a hotel anti-epidemic management system is proposed to disinfect the used rooms by using UV LEDs through WiFi communication with the front desk computer, and therefore it can protect quests from virus infection. © 2022 IEEE.
ABSTRACT
Since COVID-19 became a global pandemic, improving air quality has been increasingly important to mitigate the transmission of pathogenic aerosols. Air filters such as MERV filters have been widely used in heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems to clean inlet air. In recent years, ultraviolet (UV) light has been used for decontamination and disinfection in various applications, including indoor air cleaning, e.g., upper-room ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI). There are a variety of air purification devices available in the market, with some incorporating UV technology. However, many of them are not formally tested and certified for their effectiveness in mitigating airborne pathogens and particulate matter. The research's objectives are to (1) evaluate, design, and upgrade an existing air filtration device (~2,200 CFM) with the addition of UV-C lamps;(2) test the effectiveness of the upgraded device in mitigating airborne pathogens (bacteria) and particulate matter (PM) in real scenario (poultry farm). The testing results of air quality are expressed in particular matter (PM) levels and colony-forming units (CFUs). The preliminary data showed that both MERV-8 & MERV 13 and UV-C lamps can inactivate up to 100% of airborne bacteria, and the device can remove over 95% of total PM after treatment in a ~150-layer room. © 2022 ASABE. All Rights Reserved.